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Psychosocial therapy is the most common treatment for add. These medications include stimulants like amphetamine and methylphenidate, and nonstimulants like atomoxetine, viloxazine, guanfacine, and clonidine.
Stimulant medications are not recommended for patients who have active substance abuse issues, however they can be considered in those who are in stable recovery. Combination therapy using antidepressants, especially SSRIs, is a different option.
Stimulants
Stimulants increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine that are released between brain synapses. This improves concentration and decreases the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. Most doctors prescribe medication from the stimulant class to treat ADHD. They might prescribe methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin) or amphetamines which are similar medicines. The type of medicine prescribed depends on the biochemistry of each individual and how they react to it. It may take up to seven days for full effects of a drug to become apparent. Improvements in concentration, improved memory, better sleep, and reduced impulsivity are all signs that the medication is working.
These medications can cause side effects, such as reduced appetite and difficulty sleeping, and may raise blood pressure and heart rate. Patients with medical conditions, like heart disease or high blood pressure, should not take them. Stimulants are tightly controlled drugs that are prone to misuse. Only paediatricians, psychiatrists or neurologists, and in some situations general practitioners can prescribe them. They are available in the form of tablets, pills, patches that go on the skin or in liquids.
Children and adolescents who consume stimulants are often afflicted with appetite issues and weight loss. They can also develop disorders when the dose is too high. In this situation the doctor will decrease the dosage to prevent the drug from worsening symptoms.
The use of stimulant medications is for around 70 to 80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. Most children and young people notice that their symptoms improve when they receive treatment. Get the facts is especially true for those who have parents, teachers or other caregivers who report improvement.
Early use of stimulants could reduce the risk for drug use disorders later in life. Wilens and colleagues79,80, Katusic and colleagues81,82 and Biederman et al83 found that stimulant treatment reduces the risk for substance use disorders in adolescence, but the protective effect diminishes in the early years of adulthood.